New York Probate Lawyer Blog

September 11, 2019

Did You Know That A Parent Can Be Disqualified To Inherit From A Child

When a person dies without a Last Will and Testament he is said to have died intestate. In these cases the decedent’s estate is distributed pursuant to the laws of intestacy. Estates, Powers and Trusts Law (EPTL) section 4-1.1 entitled “Descent and distribution of a decedent’s estate”, provides the list of persons who are entitled to receive a share of the intestate estate. The New York Probate Lawyer Blog contains many articles discussing estate administration.

If kinship is not difficult to determine, the priority list of beneficiaries under EPTL 4-1.1 controls estate distribution. When a person dies without a spouse or children, his distributees are his parents. However, under EPTL 4-1.4 entitled “Disqualification of parent to take intestate share”, a parent can be prevented from receiving his share of a decedent’s estate if he either fails or refuses to provide for a child or abandons the child. Thus, if the parent does not support a child he can lose his inheritance. An abandonment qualifies for the same result.

While instances of such disqualifications are not common, there are cases where the parent forfeits his rights. In a Bronx estate case entitled Estate of Umezurike decided on September 9, 2019 by Bronx Surrogate Nelida Malave-Gonzalez, a father was found to have been disqualified from receiving his share of proceeds from a wrongful death action when his son died.

September 4, 2019

Important Considerations Regarding The Appointment of A New York Administrator

by Jules M. Haas

When a person creates an estate plan he typically prepares a Last Will and Testament. A Will contains a provision that nominates an Executor. Thus, in most probate proceedings the selection of the estate fiduciary is not complicated and is controlled by the appointment made by a testator in a Will.

This situation is much different when a person dies intestate – without a Will. In these cases where the Court is required to appoint an estate Administrator, direction must be obtained from Surrogate’s Court Procedure Act (SCPA) section 1001 entitled “Order of priority for granting letters of administration”.

Pursuant to this statute, the persons entitled to be appointed as Administrator are given priority based upon family relationship. A spouse of the decedent has first priority, followed by children, grandchildren and then father and mother, brothers and sisters. A frequent issue that arises in these cases is that there may be multiple individuals in a category who want to act as Administrator and who disapprove of the other applicants. Since each of these persons has an equal statutory right to be appointed, it is often up to the Court to make a determination as to the appropriate appointee. This may lead to Estate Litigation in the Surrogate’s Court.

August 28, 2019

New York Will Contests Require Pre-Objection SCPA Witness Testimony

by Jules M. Haas

When a Last Will and Testament is filed with the Surrogate’s Court for probate, a number of procedural steps must be followed. The Will itself is accompanied by a Probate Petition. The Petition contains essential information regarding the decedent, the date of death, the names of the attesting witnesses, the date of the Will and the estimated value of the probate estate.

Another very important part of the Probate Petition is the listing of names and addresses of all of the individuals and entities that are interested in the estate. These include the beneficiaries, the named executors and trustees and the decedent’s next of kin (“distributees”). The distributees are individuals who have a right to object to the Will. If the Will is found to be invalid, the estate would be distributed to the next of kin according to the laws of intestacy contained in Estates, Powers and Trusts Law section 4-1.1. The New York Probate Lawyer Blog has provided many articles concerning the probate process and Will Contests.

If a distributee wants to pursue estate litigation and a possible Contested Will proceeding, the procedures contained in Surrogate’s Court Procedure Act (SCPA) section 1404 entitled “Witnesses to be examined; proof required” are followed.

August 21, 2019

Did You Know That A Guardianship Proceeding May Not Be Needed If There Are Advance Directives

by Jules M. Haas

Article 81 of the New York Mental Hygiene Law (“MHL”) provides the statutory provisions covering the appointment of a Guardian. A Guardian may be appointed for personal needs and also for property management.

The procedure set forth in the statute to commence a Guardianship proceeding is straight forward. MHL section 81.08 states that there should be a petition that needs to include information regarding the alleged incapacitated person (“AIP”) such as name age and address and the AIP’s ability to engage in activities of daily living.

In order for the Court to appoint a Guardian it must find that the AIP is incapacitated or agrees to the appointment. One interesting aspect of MHL section 81.02, which is entitled “Power to appoint a guardian of the person and/or property; standard for appointment”, is that the Court is required to consider whether the AIP has other “available resources” that may be used rather than having a Guardian appointed. Such resources are described in MHL section 81.03(e) and include nurses, aides and powers of attorney and trusts.

August 14, 2019

An Estate Account Provides Information for Estate Settlement

by Jules M. Haas

The administration of a New York estate typically has three phases. At the outset, a fiduciary needs to be appointed such as an Executor or an Administrator. Once there is someone in an official capacity to handle the decedent’s affairs, the process of locating and collecting assets can begin. Also, estate debts and obligations must be determined and resolved. Both of the above phases can cause delays in finalizing the estate due to such problems as Will Contests or disputes regarding the ownership of assets.

The final part of the process in handling a decedent’s affairs is the accounting phase. All fiduciaries, whether an Administrator or Executor or Trustee, must provide an accounting to the estate beneficiaries. The New York Probate Lawyer Blog contains many articles discussing the various issues involved with administering an estate.

An estate accounting contains many schedules which provide detailed information regarding the amounts received and expended by the fiduciary. The beneficiaries have an opportunity to review the accounting and file Objections if they feel there has been a breach of fiduciary duty. The Surrogate’s Court will scrutinize the accounting for accuracy and proper reporting. Recently in a Bronx estate, the Court found that the Administrator did not include the value of the decedent’s cooperative apartment. The cased was entitled Estate of Scott and was decided by Bronx Surrogate Neilda Malave-Gonzalez, on August 2, 2019. In Scott, the Court determined that there was insufficient proof that the decedent’s son was entitled to succeed to the ownership of the apartment and exclude its value from the accounting.

August 7, 2019

It Is Interesting To Know That To Revoke A New York Will Statutory Formalities Must Be Followed

by Jules M. Haas

There are many requirements in New York estate law concerning the proper execution of a Last Will and Testament. The basic statute setting forth these rules is Estates, Powers and Trusts Law (“EPTL”) section 3-2.1 entitled “Execution and attestation of wills; formal requirements”. The validity of a Will requires that a testator sign the Will at the end and that there be two attesting witnesses.

When the statutory formalities to execute a Will are not adhered to there may be estate litigation when the document is presented for probate. An interested party may file Objections to the Will that result in a Will Contest. The New York Probate Lawyer Blog contains many articles concerning estate administration and the probating of Wills.

A Will can be changed or revised as many times as a person desires to do so. However, there are also certain requirements that must followed in order to accomplish a successful revocation. EPTL section 3-4.1 entitled “Revocation of Wills; effect on codicils” contain rules regarding revocation. The statute says that a Will can be revoked or changed by executing another Will or by certain acts of mutilation or obliteration.

July 31, 2019

Did You Know That Objections To An Executor’s Accounting Must Be Sufficiently Particular

by Jules M. Haas

In Surrogate’s Court proceedings there are many instances where a party can file Objections. Estate Litigation usually involves matters that are commenced with a Petition. For example, in Probate Cases, the probate process is started by filing a Petition for Probate and Letters Testamentary. Similarly, when a decedent dies without a Last Will, a petition for Letters of Administration is filed to begin the process to administer an intestate estate.

Another example of a Surrogate’s Court petition is one to settle or approve the accounting of an Executor or Administrator. When these various types of petitions are filed with the Court official notice, usually in the form of a Citation, is given to the parties who have an interest in the outcome.

These parties usually have a right to file Objections to the various petitions. Thus, there can be Objections to Probate which lead to a Will Contest. Also, it may be necessary to Object to the matters set forth in an accounting by an Administrator or Executor.

July 24, 2019

Learn About Problems With Competing New York Wills

by Jules M. Haas

Probate in New York is the process by which a Last Will and Testament is validated by the Surrogate’s Court. When a Will is admitted to probate the provisions of the document are given full force and effect. The Court then issues Letters Testamentary to the appointed Executor.

The probate process can be rather complex. One of the most important aspects is providing notice of the proceeding to the decedent’s distributees (next of kin). This is required because these individuals have a right to Object to the Will. If Objections are filed there is a Will Contest in which the validity of the Will must be determined. If the Will is found not to be valid, a decedent usually is then deemed to die intestate (without a Will) and his estate would pass to his distributees. The New York Probate Lawyer Blog has published many articles regarding the Will Contest process.

There are occasions when a person creates a new Will which changes the beneficiaries from a prior Will. In these cases persons whose interests may be adversely affected by the later Will also have a right to Object to the admission to probate of the new Will. Surrogate’s Court Procedure Act §1410 entitled “Who may file Objections to probate of an alleged Will” allows for Objections to be filed by person’s whose interests are adversely affected by the probate of a Will.

July 17, 2019

A Fiduciary Can Be Removed For Misconduct

by Jules M. Haas

All fiduciaries such as Trustees, Executors and Administrators must properly perform their duties. When there is a breach of fiduciary duty, a Court can suspend the fiduciaries’ powers or remove them from office.

Revoking the appointment of a fiduciary is not easily accomplished. The Courts typically respect a person’s choice of Executors or Trustees and try to follow the intentions in a Last Will or Trust. However, there are circumstances when revocation and removal is warranted. Also, a fiduciary has a right to a full hearing before being formally removed. This involves discovery of information and testimony before the Court.

In a recent Brooklyn estate decided by Brooklyn Surrogate Margarita Lopez Torres on March 20, 2019 entitled Matter of Estate of Gadsden, the Court removed a Trustee of a Living Trust. This case involved a proceeding under Surrogate’s Court Procedure Act Section 711 entitled “Suspension, modification or revocation of letters or removal for disqualification or misconduct”. The statute sets forth specific grounds that would be a basis for removal.

July 10, 2019

Execution of a New York Will Needs to Comply With Statutory Requirements

by Jules M. Haas

It is important for a New York domiciliary to engage is proper estate planning. A lot of time and effort usually goes into creating a Last Will, Living Trust, Health Care Proxy, Power of Attorney and other planning initiatives. It is always a tragedy when a well thought out estate is thwarted by errors relating to ambiguous or defective Will or Trust provisions or defective execution procedures.

The New York Surrogate’s Courts are filled with cases involving Contested Wills. Estate Litigation surrounding the preparation and execution of a Will not only disrupts the testator’s estate plan, it delays the settlement of an estate.

The New York Probate Lawyer Blog has discussed the requirements for executing a Last Will. Statutory requirements are contained in Estates, Powers and Trusts Law (EPTL) section 3-2.1 entitled “Execution and attestation of wills; formal requirements”. When the guidelines of the statute are not explicitly complied with, the validity of the document may be questioned. Unless a Will is validated by the Surrogate’s Court and admitted to probate, the provisions and dispositions in the Will are not mandated to be followed. Even a slight variation can cause controversy.